Synthesis of liquid crystals

Aim of the subject:

- to introduce into the field of liquid crystals

- to present main applications of liquid crystals

- to teach the correlations between molecular structure and liquid crystalline properties

- to introduce into the field of fluorinated organic materials and their importance in the field of novel generations of liquid crystals

- to present the main classes of intermediates, their im-portance and synthesis

- to present the synthesis of main classes of liquid crystalline materials

- to teach how to predict properties of newly designed potentially mesogenic compounds

- to give the possibility of synthesizing one type of liquid crystal compound from the classes of nematic materials

1. Introduction. Liquid Crystals (LCs). Classes of liquid crystals their structures and properties. Anisotropic properties of liquid crystals.

2. Applications of LCs. The principles of display’s opera-tions. LCD switching modes. Direct View Displays. Projection microdisplays. Reflective vs transmisive microdisplays. Non display applications. Properties of LCs related to LCD technologies.

3. Determination of LC phases. Liquid Crystals textures. Polarizing thermomicroscopic measurements. Miscibility study. Phase diagrams. Microcalorimetric measurements. X-ray measurements. Electrooptic and dielectric phase characterization.

4. Liquid Crystals mixtures. Phase transitions, thermo-dynamics of binary mixtures, ideal mixtures, non additive behavior, CSL equations, LC mixtures for-mulations

5. Fluorinated LCs. Carbon-Fluorine bond character. Comparison of fluorinated organic materials with non-fluorinated ones. Fluorinated LCs. Sources of fluorinated intermediates and their synthesis. Survey of fluorination methods.

6. Synthesis of Liquid Crystals. Synthesis of main clas-ses of LCs. Synthesis of main intermediates. Designing of synthetic routes of some chosen mesogens. Purifica-tion and analytical methods. Synthesis of chiral LC materials.

7. Project. Preparation of synthesis scheme of novel po-tentially mesogenic compound with given properties

8. Laboratory classes of Liquid Crystals synthesis. Safety precautions. Multistep synthesis of two com-pounds from two groups of LCs (nematic and ferroelectric). Characterization of Liquid Crystal phases.

Obligatory:

1. Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar “Liquid crystals” Cam-bridge University Press 1977

2.Dietrich Demus “Physical properties of liquid crystals” John Wiley & Sons 2009

3. Peter J. Collings “Introduction to Liquid Crystals: Chemistry and Physics” Taylor & Francis 1997

Complementary:

Set of original papers from the synthesis methods used in synthesis of Liquid Crystals.

W1 / To know the fundamentals of liquid crystals and the relation between the molecular structure and the properties./ K_W02

W2 / To know the way of designing the multistep organic synthesis/ K_W02,

W3 / To know the relations between molecular structure and IR, 1HNMR, UV-VIS, MS spectrums./ K_W02,

W4 / To know the relations between molecular structure and IR, 1HNMR, UV-VIS, MS spectrums./ K_W02, K_W16

U1 / Is able using gathered knowledge, propose methods of synthesis of simple organic compounds./ K_U01

U2 / Is able to predict main side reactions usually pre-sent along with main organic reactions./ K_U01, K_U03

U3 / Is able to design multistep synthesis and propose the synthesis conditions using available literature and other sources of scientific knowledge./ K_U03

U4 / Is able to set the organic reaction and purification systems using common labware and glassware./ K_U03

K1 / Is aware of the level of own knowledge and is able to self-containly correct the directions of the self-education./ K_K01, K_K05

K2 / Is able actively and responsibly cooperate in the given group during solving theoretical as well as practical tasks./ K_K02

K3 / Is aware of the importance of the organic chemistry in science and current society./ K_K07

The subject is accepted basing on the positive result of examination procedure.

- The examinatin form: oral

Necesssary conditions for admission to the examination: submission of the project.The needful requirement is laboratory report from the organic synthesis labs according given template.

Effects W1, W2, U1, U2, U3, K1, K3 are evaluated during oral examination.

Effects W3, W4, U1, U4, K2 are evaluated during organic syn-thesis labs.

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