High-nitrogen energetic materials

stacjonarne

III stopnia

obowiązkowy

Lectures: 10h, exam.

Laboratories: 20h, credit.

Projects: 4h, credit.

Seminars: 6h, credit.

ECTS: 5.

Students will be assessed based on their participation during the seminars (40%) and final oral examination.

In order to be eligible for the final oral examination, all laboratory exercises must be successfully com-pleted.

Learning objectives W1, W2, W3 and skills U1, U2 and U3 are evaluated during the oral examination.

Learning objective K2 is evaluated during the laboratory exercises.

The subject is realized on 4. or 5. semester of doctoral studies.

Energetic materials / Chemistry and Technology of Explosives

• basic knowledge of synthesis of explosives (nitration, esterification)

• knowledge of basic methods for testing of the properties of energetic materials

Physical Chemistry

• knowledge of thermodynamic potentials and relations between them

Organic chemistry

• General knowledge about heterocyclic compounds contains nitrogen, reactivity

1. Introduction to the course. Classification and exam-ples groups of high-nitrogen compounds, 2h lect.,

2. Examples of high-nitrogen compounds and its chemi-cal and physical properties, 2h lect., 4h lab., 2h sem.

3. Synthesis of high-nitrogen compounds, 2h lect., 4h lab., 2h proj., 2h sem.

4. Reactivity of selected high-nitrogen compounds, 2h lect., 4h lab., 2h proj.

5. Properties of selected high-nitrogen compounds, 4h lab., 2h sem.

6. Application of high-nitrogen compounds, 4h lab., 2h proj.

7. Prospective high-nitrogen explosives, 2h lect.

Laboratory exercises

1. Synthesis of azotetrazole derivatives

2. Synthesis of sym-tetrazine derivatives

3. Synthesis of furazane derivatives

4. Differential thermal analysis of selected high-nitrogen compounds

5. Sensitivity of selected high-nitrogen compounds to mechanical stimuli

PhD, Eng. Mateusz Szala

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:

To familiarize students with the classification of high-nitrogen explosives.

To familiarize students with synthesis of high-nitrogen explosives.

To introduce the problems of reactivity of compounds with nitrogen containing functional group.

To teach how to prepare high nitrogen compounds.

To teach how to test miscellaneous high-nitrogen explosives.

To familiarize students with the classification of high-nitrogen explosives from groups: cyclic, cages and acyclic, organic and inorganic high-nitrogen explosives. From acyclic compounds, especially: azides, guanidine derivatives, N-nitro alkanes, polymers with azido and nitroxy groups, polimeric form of nitrogen. From cyclic compounds especially: triazoles, tetrazoles, pentazole, triazines, tetrazines, heptazines, phosphazenes. Cage compound: azacubanes, azaisowurtzitanes, azaadamantanes, nitrogen substituted fullerenes.

To familiarize students with synthesis of high-nitrogen explosives e.g. NitroAminoEthanes, hydrazine azide, silicon tetraazide, polyBAMO, polyNiMMO, furazanes, furoxanes, triazole and tetrazole derivatives, nitroaminotetrazaoles, amino and azido tetrazine, azidoheptazines and azidophosphazenes.

To introduce the problems of reactivity of compounds with nitrogen containing functional groups e.g. oxime, furazan, furoxan, reduction of nitro group, oxidation of amino groups, substitution with azido group, debenzylation, polymerisation of oxetanes and epoxides, rearrangements, formation of azo and azoxy bridges, synthesis of tetrazole and tetrazine rings.

During the laboratories students will prepare high nitrogen compounds from furazan, tetrazol and tetrazine group. Test methods for miscellaneous high-nitrogen explosives will be presented.

Mandatory:

1. D. Mingos, T. Klapotke, High Energy Density Materials, (structure and bonding), Springer, 2007

2. J. Akhavan, The Chemistry of Explosives, RSC, Cambridge, 2008.

Complementary:

1. J. P. Agrawal, R. D. Hodgson, Organic Chemistry of Explosives, Wiley, Chichester, 2007

W1 The student is familiar with the classification of high-nitrogen energetic compounds D_W01; D_W02

W3 He/she knows the synthesis methods of selected high-nitrogen explosives D_W02; D_W03

U1 The student can to plan and carry out the synthesis of high-nitrogen compounds D_U03

U2 He/she can use selected laboratory equipment to synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. D_U03

U3 He/she can use contemporary technical and scientific literature on the synthesis of explosives and is able to prepare presentations and participate in discussions on this topic. D_U08; D_U07

K1 He/she is able to find sources for autonomous study D_K01

K2 The student is able to efficiently collaborate as a member of a laboratory team. D_U10

K3 He/she understands the significance of issues discussed in the course in terms of public safety and security. D_U07; D_U08

Multimedia supported lecturing

Continuous evaluation of the students’ knowledge through discussions and problem solving

Laboratory exercises

Writing project about properties of selected high-nitrogen compound

Presentations about synthesis or properties of selected high-nitrogen explosive